Cordyceps sinensis (cordyceps) As a highly regarded cornerstone of Chinese medicine, cordyceps has been used for centuries for its far-reaching restorative effects. It is a safe, highly valued herb with activities that support nearly every physiological system impacted by the body’s response to normal everyday stressors, including the immune and cardiovascular systems.[1-4] Cordyceps has been used to support good balance, strength, and a healthy body weight. It is also widely and traditionally used to increase energy and enhance stamina.[1,2] It has a positive effect on blood sugar and fat metabolism, which is important because fats and sugars are actively mobilized during activation of the stress response to supply the body with extra energy.[1,4] Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practitioners also recommend the regular use of cordyceps to strengthen the body.[1] Furthermore, the cell-protective and antioxidant activities of cordyceps have been documented.*[1,4-7]

Rhodiola rosea (rhodiola) This adaptogenic herb has been used traditionally in Eastern Europe and Asia for centuries to increase stamina, maintain a healthy mood, support the nervous and immune systems, and maintain healthy male sexual function.[8,9] According to Panossian et al, experimental studies performed on isolated organs, tissues, cells, and enzymes demonstrate that rhodiola preparations exhibit adaptogenic effects that support nerve, brain, and heart health and are calming, longevity-enhancing, and central nervous system-stimulating.[9] In addition, experimental animal models suggest that the root extract may be able to support normal heart rhythm.[10] Rhodiola may also have a positive effect on brain neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin, and may influence endogenous opioid levels.[8] According to a review of the literature on rhodiola, supplementation supports healthy work performance, quality of sleep, appetite, and energy levels subsequent to intense physical or intellectual strain. Salidrosides and rosavin have been identified as primary actives. The rhodiola extract in this formula is standardized to provide no less than 1%-3% salidrosides and 3% rosavin.*

Panax ginseng (ginseng) As an important herbal remedy in TCM, ginseng has been used for thousands of years, primarily for energy production. The main active agents have been identified as ginsenosides, and they are the focus of much published research.[11] Experimental models show that ginseng and ginsenosides have beneficial effects in supporting the adrenal glands; protecting the gastric mucosa; and supporting healthy body weight, blood hormones, and the gene expression of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes.[11-15] Ginsenosides also have immune-supporting and cytokine- modulating activities.*[12,16]

Vitamin B6, Pantothenic Acid, and Para-Aminobenzoic Acid (PABA) Pantothenic acid is essential to the adrenal glands for production of the glucocorticoids. It forms pantethine in the body, which then converts to coenzyme-A—the most active metabolic enzyme in the human body needed to produce cellular energy.[17] D-calcium pantothenate contains 91.96% pantothenic acid and is the usual supplemental form. Vitamin B6, acting as a coenzyme, has a role in the conversion of muscle glycogen to glucose, which is needed for a proper response to stressors; the synthesis of serotonin; and the support of the immune function.[18] PABA has a role in amino acid metabolism and is needed to manufacture folic acid.*

The Thyroid Connection The interplay between healthy adrenal function and healthy thyroid function has long been recognized by functional medicine practitioners. In fact, cortisol acts in concert with thyroid hormone at the receptor-gene level, and a normal physiologic amount of cortisol is important for normal thyroid function.*[19]

Directions

Take 1 capsule twice daily, unless otherwise instructed. With more advanced cases we may increase the dose to 2 capsules twice daily.

References

Directions

References

Bone health is essential to overall health and vitality, and bones are dependent on a constant supply of micronutrients for maintenance and repair. It is widely known that minerals such as calcium and phosphorus are vital to bone maintenance; however, bone strength is ultimately dependent upon minerals binding to flexible core posts inside the bone. These flexible posts are made from collagen, a protein whose production is stimulated by the mineral silicon. Collagen is essential to maintaining the number of bone-calcium binding sites available, and therefore essential, to maintaining bone integrity, flexibility, and strength as we age. OSAPlex MK-7 provides nutrients that work together to support bone production, strength, and maintenance. This multifaceted approach is an important factor in enhancing absorption of bone- building nutrients and preventing select vitamin and mineral depletions.*Calcium Revolution Health & Wellness Clinic’s microcrystalline hydroxyapatite concentrate (MCHC) from Bone Support contains a premium, proprietary, standardized bone extract from New Zealand bovine and provides a crystalline calcium and phosphorus matrix in the ideal physiological ratio of 2:1. Ossopan, in Bone Revolution, delivers bioactive growth factors and type I collagen, amino acids, glycosaminoglycans, and a broad range of essential trace elements. Scientific studies on Ossopan, over a span of four decades, suggest that Ossopan supplementation fundamentally supports bone health.*[1-4]Vitamin D OSAPlex MK-7 contains cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), the same form that is endogenously synthesized from cholesterol in the presence of UV light from the sun. Vitamin D is needed to maintain blood levels of calcium and phosphate for normal bone metabolism. A randomized, population-based, three-year trial on women aged 65 to 71 indicated that daily supplementation with vitamin D and calcium had a positive and statistically significant impact on total body bone integrity.*[5]

Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) Bone Revolution contains menaquinone-7, a bioactive form of vitamin K2 (the menaquinone form of vitamin K). Vitamin K plays an active role in bone metabolism and is required for calcium utilization because it activates osteocalcin, the protein needed to bind calcium to the mineral matrix in bone. Vitamin K exerts additional protective effects as it supports bone integrity by moderating the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-6 by osteoclasts.[6,7]. As the natural, long-chain form of vitamin K, MK-7 was found to reach higher and more prolonged serum levels when compared to a synthetic form of vitamin K and also to have a more profound effect on osteocalcin.*[8]

RejuvN8 Silicon has been found to directly stimulate collagen type I synthesis in human bone-forming cells, enhance osteoblast differentiation, and support bone flexibility resulting in greater resistance to physical stress.[9,10] A patented, stabilized silicon in the form of ch-OSA® (choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid) in Bone Revolution provides stimulation and support for collagen production. As a collagen-generating complex, ch-OSA links single chains of amino acids together to form collagen strands, which then create the core-post “binding sites” for calcium and other bone minerals.*[11,12]

A 12-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial suggested that individuals given ch-OSA in addition to calcium and vitamin D3—versus calcium and vitamin D3 alone—experienced a significant improvement in P1NP (serum procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide), the most sensitive bone formation marker. Results also suggested an overall positive trend for other bone formation markers and a significant improvement in femoral neck T-score with a 6 mg dose of ch-OSA. Additionally, the ch-OSA group showed no adverse effects.*[13]

OSAPlex MK-7 is a comprehensive, multinutrient formula that provides the fundamental components needed for bone and skeletal health. Instead of adopting a single-nutrient, unbalanced approach to supplementation, utilize OSAPlex MK-7 to help build and maintain healthy bone over time.*

Directions

References

Br’Ache Away, a member of Revolution Health & Wellness Clinic’s Exclusive and Patented (“EP”) line, is the result of Revolution Health & Wellness Clinic’s partnership with BiotanikaTM, a Canadian company that develops evidence-based natural pain management products. It is among a trio of formulas that also includes Joint Health and Inflam-X Gel. The formulation of Br’Ache Away began with investigation of the potential of the lowest possible doses of traditional herb extracts to act additively or synergistically to reduce inflammation and pain. Biotanika used three recognized models of inflammatory diseases for its pre-clinical test protocols. These protocols resulted in formulas benchmarked with current standards of care used in western medicine.*

The primary goal of the first clinical trial of the three formulas was to assess the safety and efficacy for the relief of pain in fourteen patients with either low back pain, joint (knee, shoulder, or hip) pain, or muscular or articular pain (the majority had moderate-to-severe pain). These patients had been seeking alternative therapies to NSAIDs or surgery. As is most often seen in patients scheduled for knee replacement surgery or who have had knee replacements, benefit was nil. However, all patients with low back, hip and shoulder pain demonstrated significant benefit.*

Devil’s Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) exerts anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects possibly by suppressing COX-2 and iNOS expressions,[1] reducing leukotrienes,[2] inhibiting TNF-alpha and reducing the production of metalloproteinase MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9.*[3]

Black Currant (Ribes nigrum) decreases joint tenderness and pain.[4] Prodelphinidins, the major compounds isolated from Ribes nigrum leaves, were shown to inhibit PGE2 synthesis through the inhibition of COX enzymes.*[5]

Green-Lipped Mussel (Perna canaliculus), a native New Zealand shell fish contains 20% omega-3 fatty acids, as well as other pharmacologically-active material that appears to abolish inflammatory mediators and inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis[6,7,8] thereby reducing joint pain.*[9,10,11]

Willow Bark (Salix alba) may relieve joint pain [12,13,14] by inhibiting COX-2-mediated PGE2 release and to a lesser degree, release of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6.*[15]

Feverfew (Tanecetum parthenium) contains the active component, parthenolide that produces a dose- dependent inhibition thromboxane B2 and leukotriene B4 synthesis and inhibits secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6.*[16]

Meadowsweet (Spirea ulmaria) has been used for centuries for analgesia. It contains salicylate derivatives and possesses high antioxidant activities.*[17]

Birch (Betula alba), traditionally to heal sores and relieve pain,[18,19] contains salicylic acid and has anti- inflammatory, antispasmodic, and diuretic properties.*

Directions

Take 2 capsules in the morning and 2 capsules in the evening, with water.

References

GastrAcid is designed to support the gastric phase of digestion directly and provide stimulus for the excretion of pancreatic digestive juices in the small intestine. Adequate hydrochloric acid is fundamental to healthy protein digestion, nutrient availability, and the maintenance of normal gastric flora.[1-3] There is a natural decline in the ability to produce hydrochloric acid, especially after the age of 60.[1] There appears to be an even greater decline in pepsin production related to normal aging.[4] Support of natural gastric secretions and acidity helps support normal digestion, absorption, and immune health.[5] Maintaining an acidic pH in the stomach helps support normal gastric and intestinal flora as well.*[6-8]

Glutamic Acid Hydrochloride (HCl) Also called glutamate, glutamic acid is an amino acid that can be obtained from dietary protein or synthesized endogenously from other amino acids, such as glutamine. Glutamic acid HCl is used in GasrAcid as an acidifying agent.*

Betaine Hydrochloride (HCl) Betaine (also known as trimethylglycine) is a natural substance found in foods such as beets, spinach, and grains. Research suggests that betaine supports cell health by acting as a methyl donor, and this, in turn, supports healthy methionine, homocysteine, and hepatic fat metabolism. Betaine also functions as an osmolyte, which supports the integrity of cells and proteins during fluctuations in hydration, salinity, and temperature. Betaine HCl, the acidic form of betaine, has traditionally been used to support digestion and absorption due to its ability to lower gastric pH.*[9,10]

Pepsin One of the first enzymes to initiate protein digestion, pepsin is first synthesized in the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa and secreted as the inactive zymogen precursor pepsinogen. Hydrochloric acid activates pepsinogen to convert it to pepsin once it is outside the cell. This activation sets up a chain reaction leading to the production of still more pepsin. Porcine pepsin, in addition to betaine HCl, is provided in GastrAcid with the goal of promoting more endogenous pepsin production.*[4,6]

Gentian Root (Gentiana lutea) Used for centuries to support healthy digestion, gentian contains the bitter glycosides gentiopicrin and amarogentin. Gentian’s bitter taste can be detected even at a dilution level of 50,000:1. Gentian root appears to support digestion by stimulating secretion of saliva in the mouth, hydrochloric acid in the stomach, and digestive juices from the pancreas. Due to the stimulant effect that gentian root has on endogenous production of HCl, individuals may be able to discontinue GastrAcid after a period of use.*[11-14]

GastrAcid is formulated with a variety of compounds and is designed to support gastric acidity, digestion, and normal gastrointestinal flora. GastrAcid should be taken with, or immediately following a meal. Do not use if there is a prior history of, or a current complaint of, a peptic or duodenal ulcer.*

Directions

Take 1 capsule with meals (or as directed)

References

Phospholipids are the basic building blocks of cellular membranes. Every phospholipid contains two fatty acid tails (triglycerides contain three) linked to a group of molecules containing phosphorus. The phosphorus- containing “head” of a phospholipid is hydrophilic; the “tails” are hydrophobic and love oil. When phospholipids come in contact with water, the hydrophobic tails line up soldier-fashion next to each other with the hydrophilic head groups on either side forming a very thin flexible (or “fluid”), partially permeable bi-layer structure—the cell membrane.*

The cell membrane is where virtually all the important metabolic reactions occur. But lowered phospholipid availability may sometimes limit these essential functions. While the body can biosynthesize phospholipids from other substances, the process requires many enzymes and a great deal of energy. Consequently, exogenous sources of phospholipids can supplement biosynthesis for more optimal membrane composition and function. Research suggests that supporting phospholipid availability is important in cellular protection and repair and in membrane fluidity. Furthermore, the roles of phospholipids in organ and system health continue to expand as findings point to how phospholipids protect hepatocytes and pancreatic beta cells, and also support nervous and cardiovascular system health.*[1-10]

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the most abundant phospholipid component in all cells. In fact, it constitutes ~50% of the membrane surrounding every cell as well as the membranes protecting intracellular organelles. It is the most prominent and important among the tens of thousands of molecules comprising a cell. To date, a MEDLINE® database search for “phosphatidylcholine” yields more than 47,000 citations. Noteworthy is one that focuses on PC’s ability to support healthy cellular biochemistry and normal cellular life cycle. This study further elucidates the negative impact of perturbations in PC homeostasis and how PC replacement can be critical in cell viability.[1] Phosphatidylcholine is most concentrated in the liver. In fact, all detoxification enzymes need phospholipids for their activity. PC significantly reduces levels of inflammatory substances, increases antioxidant activity, and decreases lipid peroxidation.*[2]

Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) constitutes ~ 35% of the membrane and is a precursor of PC. It contributes ~30% of PC biosynthesis through a triple methylation process. Supplementation with a methyl donor, such as folate, B12, or S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), will support PC biosynthesis. An important characteristic of PE is its ability to “anchor” arachidonic acid (AA). Although AA tends to be associated with the inflammatory cascade, it has critical functions in the body.[3] For example, along with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), AA is key to brain development and visual acuity.[4] AA is also able to “dock” onto phosphatidylinositol (PI), another membrane phospholipid present in Cell Revolution.*

Fatty Acids are another benefit the body derives from phospholipid supplementation. Each of our cells can produce many of the lipid tails, such as saturated (palmitic and stearic) fatty acids and monounsaturated (oleic and nervonic) fatty acids, but not the omega-6 or the omega-3 fatty acids. Cell Revolution contains these two types of essential fatty acids in the critically important ratio of four parts omega-6 to one part omega-3.*[11]

Directions

Take 2 soft capsules daily, unless otherwise directed

References

DMSA (2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid ) is a non-toxic, water soluble compound that has been used since the 1950s to bind to metals in living tissue.[1] Containing two sulfhydryl groups, this relatively stable compound has a high affinity for toxic elements. DMSA has been studied with regard to reducing the toxic effects of various elements, and human studies support its efficacy in oral doses ranging from 10 to 30 mg/kg/day.[2-4] Human research suggests that oral DMSA is an excellent follow-up to intravenous (IV) EDTA treatment.*[1,5]

EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a synthetic amino acid compound and perhaps the most well-known and often-used IV chelating agent. Oral EDTA is poorly absorbed, but it is believed to support detoxification of metals largely in the gastrointestinal tract.[6,7] More studies are needed to validate this approach. There is believed to be a benefit in combining EDTA with other chelators because EDTA acts slowly and could potentially lead to redeposition of metals.[8] Due to EDTA’s metal-binding ability, it is important to replace beneficial minerals, such as zinc, copper, iron, cobalt, and manganese.*

Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum), also known as Chinese parsley or coriander, suppresses the deposition of lead by chelating the metal.[9] Furthermore, in an experimental animal study, lead-induced histological changes in testis of albino mice were prevented to some extent by concomitant daily administration of C sativum extracts, perhaps due to a reduction in associated oxidative stress.*[10]

Allicin is the main biologically active component of garlic clove extracts and has promising effects on toxic metal accumulation in experimental research.[11] In animal and in vitro models, garlic was able to reduce cellular exposure to, or accumulation of, lead, cadmium, and mercury.[12-14] Furthermore, various extracts and forms of garlic have demonstrated its ability to positively affect detoxification pathways.*[15]

Chlorella is a naturally occurring micro-algae and an excellent source of chlorophyll—a detoxifying substance that is also thought to bind toxic metals. The positive effect of chlorella supplementation on toxic metals, including methylmercury and lead, is supported by animal research.[16,17] For example, testing its metal chelating ability, researchers observed a dramatic 66.03% reduction in blood lead levels in mice receiving chlorella extract (50 mg/kg/day) concurrent with lead exposure compared to lead-exposed, non-treated mice.*[16]

N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) and Alpha Lipoic Acid are well-known for their antioxidant activity. Exposure to heavy metals increases free radical production and oxidative stress.[18] Research suggests that there is a beneficial role for free radical scavengers in reducing the oxidative stress that is common with toxic metal exposure.[19] NAC has the ability to interact with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stimulate the body to produce glutathione. This can enhance cell survival after exposure to heavy metals or toxins.[20] In addition, ALA may directly chelate or reduce the oxidative capacity of metals, such as copper, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury.*[21-24]

Directions

Take 2-4 capsules twice daily, unless otherwise directed

References

Glucoraphanin (also known as sulforaphane glucosinolate or “sgs”) is a naturally occurring phytochemical found in cruciferous vegetables and in OncoPLEX formulas. Glucoraphanin, which is heat stable and water soluble, is metabolized in the body to the biologically active isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN).Scientists at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine isolated sulforaphane in 1992 and identified glucoraphanin as its precursor. Since their discovery, over 500 scientific studies have been conducted on SFN and glucoraphanin, documenting their positive effects on antioxidant activity, detoxification, cellular metabolism, and cell-life regulation.[1-3] Glucoraphanin and SFN appear to be the “missing link” that correlates a diet rich in cruciferous vegetables (from the Brassicaceae family) with good health. Glucoraphanin from food is enzymatically converted to SFN via the action of the myrosinase enzyme during chewing and food preparation (cutting/ slicing). Gastrointestinal microorganisms are able to produce SFN from glucoraphanin as well. Microorganism conversion is an important contribution to SFN production as the myrosinase enzyme is easily inactivated by heat.*[4]Early research identified broccoli sprouts as a concentrated source of glucoraphanin.[5] It is present in much higher concentrations in broccoli seeds and three-day–old broccoli sprouts than in the mature vegetable.[6,7] One capsule of OncoPLEX provides 30 g of glucoraphanin, which equates to approximately 0.33 oz of broccoli sprouts or 8 oz of broccoli. One capsule of OncoPLEX ES equates to 1.3 oz of broccoli sprouts or 27 oz of broccoli.[5]Antioxidant and Detoxification Support Sulforaphane, upon conversion from glucoraphanin, is found to be an effective long-acting indirect antioxidant and significant inducer of phase II detoxification enzymes.[3,4] Research suggests that SFN strongly induces expression of key enzymes (via the KEAP1/Nrf2/ARE pathway), which in turn supports antioxidant activity, redox cycling, and phase II detoxification. The antioxidant enzymes generated are believed to participate in the recycling and maintenance of vitamins A, C, and E as well.[4] After studying the effects of various doses of glucoraphanin administered to study subjects, researchers suggest that there may be a dose-dependent association between glucoraphanin and antioxidant enzyme induction. Accordingly, a metabolically effective dose may vary from tissue to tissue (e.g., upper airway, gastric mucosa, mammary, etc.).[4,8]

Activation of transcription factor Nrf2 induces increased output of specialized enzymes, an output that can extend antioxidant activity 72 hours or more. This is a significantly longer activity phase than direct antioxidants, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene, are able to promote.[2,6,9-11] Adequate antioxidant protection is crucial to maintaining the health and function of cells, tissues, and organs. Because they assist in maintaining health throughout adult life, phytonutrients, such as glucoraphanin and SFN, are considered “lifespan essentials.”[12]

Support for Cellular Health and Cell-Life Cycles Glucoraphanin and SFN are believed to play an important role in maintaining healthy gastrointestinal flora; healthy cellular life cycles; immune, eye, and cardiovascular health; and a normal response to inflammation. Sulforaphane’s induction of phase II enzymes, coupled with an inhibitory effect on certain phase I enzymes, is considered to have a protective effect on cells. Research suggests that SFN plays a multidimensional role in maintaining normal cellular life cycles, inhibiting tubulin polymerization, activating checkpoint 2 kinase, and inhibiting histone deacetylase activity.[2,13,14] These actions assist in gene regulation, normal cell growth, and cytokine balance.*

Research suggests that sulforaphane’s effect on Nrf2 pathways, macrophage activation, and NF-kappa B may support a normal, healthy response to inflammation and promote cardiovascular and eye health.[2,15-18] Sulforaphane is also studied for its role in maintaining immune health and a healthy gastrointestinal microflora.*[19,20]

 

Directions

Take 1 capsule daily

References

ColonX addresses an issue of universal importance: gastrointestinal (GI) health. GI regularity and function is vital to physiological balance and overall well-being. How well the body digests, assimilates, and eliminates metabolic fuel and metabolic waste determines health at the cellular level. Toxins that enter the body must be detoxified and their metabolites must exit the body. Gastrointestinal elimination plays a major role in detoxification by expelling the remnants of toxic molecules. If these harmful remnants are not eliminated, they can recirculate throughout the body.*Magnesium Magnesium citrate, the type of magnesium in ColonX, is used for colonoscopy preparation. Chosen for its promotion of muscle relaxation and effective elimination of feces through the bowel, magnesium citrate is also highly bioavailable.[1] It should be noted that particular forms of magnesium may be absorbed differently. Please note that while magnesium citrate is best suited to support gastrointestinal elimination, the patented amino acid chelates such as the lysyl glycinate and dimagnesium malate chelates in ColonX’s Magnesium Chelate formula are designed to be bioavailable and easily absorbed.*

As a macromineral, magnesium supports cell, tissue, and organ function and participates in over 300 metabolic reactions in the body. This essential mineral plays a pivotal role in energy-producing reactions, detoxification, muscle and nerve function, and skeletal structure.[2,3] Magnesium can readily become depleted due to inadequate intake, poor absorption, excessive losses, and drug-induced nutrient depletions.*

Cape Aloe (Aloe ferox) Cape Aloe has a long history of use in South Africa and continues to be closely studied for its valuable attributes,[4] specifically how it supports GI regularity. The herb is ideally used in the short term to support the elimination of feces and subsequently the elimination of toxins. Recent research suggests that Cape Aloe supports gastrointestinal regularity and is well tolerated. Administration of the herb in animals showed no negative toxicological effects at doses of up to 200 mg/kg body weight over a seven-day period.*[5]

Triphala Triphala comprises three sour, astringent fruits: Emblica officinalis (amla), Terminalia belerica (behada), and Terminalia chebula (harada). This tannin-rich herbal compound has been used traditionally for supporting digestion, assimilation, and elimination.[6] Triphala is considered to be a cornerstone of the art and practice of Ayurveda, and it is used throughout India in herbal products. Modern-day clinical trials have confirmed the benefits of traditional uses of triphala, especially gastrointestinal support. Researchers indicated that triphala positively supports appetite, GI health, and rejuvenation.*[7]

ColonX is intended for short-term use only and should never be consumed during pregnancy. Follow directions and label cautions carefully.*

Directions

Take 1-2 capsules at bedtime with 8 oz of water, unless otherwise directed.

References

1. Walker AF, Marakis G, Christie S, et al. Mg citrate found more bioavailable than other Mg preparations in a randomised, double-blind study. Magnes Res. 2003 Sep; 16(3):183-91. [PMID: 14596323]
2. Laires MJ, Monteiro CP, Bicho M. Role of cellular magnesium in health and human disease. Front Biosci. 2004 Jan 1;9:262-76. [PMID: 14766364]
3. Krinsky DL, LaValle JB, Hawkins EB, et al. Natural Therapeutics Pocket Guide, 2nd ed. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp; 2003.
4. Magwa ML, Gundidza M, Coopoosamy RM, et al. Chemical composition of volatile constituents from the leaves of Aloe ferox. Afr J Biotechnol. 2006 Sept;5(18):1652-1654.
5. Wintola OA, Sunmonu TO, Afolayan AJ. Toxicological evaluation of aqueous extract of Aloe ferox Mill. in loperamide-induced constipated rats. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2011 May;30(5):425-31. [PMID: 20498033]
6. Jagetia GC, Baliga MS, Malagi KJ, et al. The evaluation of the radioprotective effect of Triphala (an ayurvedic rejuvenating drug) in the mice exposed to gamma-radiation. Phytomedicine. 2002 Mar;9(2):99-108. [PMID: 11995956]
7. Mukherjee PK, Rai S, Bhattacharyya S, et al. Clinical study of “triphala” – a well-known phytomedicine from India. Iranian J Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Jan;5(1):51-54. http://www.bioline.org.br/request?pt06008. Accessed June 18, 2012. 

 

Amino acid and sugar complexes called lectins may be produced by certain organisms allowing them to adhere to the inside walls of the bladder and urinary tract, where they may continue to thrive.[1]

D-mannose is a simple sugar produced in the body and occurring naturally in certain fruits, especially cranberries and pineapples. The adult dose of D-Mannose is more concentrated in D-mannose than these fruits or juices, and studies suggest that D-mannose is ten times more effective than cranberries.[2]

Nearly all ingested mannose gets excreted through the kidneys and into the urine.[3,4] Research suggests that lectins, present in the urinary tract and bladder, adhere to the D-mannose more readily than they do to the walls of the urinary tract. This action helps support the body’s ability to flush out these unwanted particles through the urine.[5] D-mannose users report that they can feel the effect in 24-48 hours.[6]

D-Mannose is not capable of killing either “friendly” or harmful bacteria. It simply supports the naturally protective “flushing out” mechanism of the urine.[6]

Directions

Mix 1/2 teaspoon in 2-4 oz of water 1-3 times daily, unless otherwise directed

References

Xenobiotics (chemicals foreign to a living organism) have the potential to disrupt metabolism and negatively affect cellular health.[1-3] Classes of xenobiotics include pesticides, petroleum-based plastic compounds, industrial chemicals, and xenoestrogens. D-Z-No-Φ comprises an array of compounds to support detoxification and elimination of these potentially toxic molecules. Man-made xenoestrogens (including BPA, DDT, and DES), act as endocrine disruptors and can alter hormonal function in sensitive tissues including breast, uterus, cervix, and prostate.[4,5] Xenoestrogens at very low levels are believed to disrupt neurotransmitter balance, glucose homeostasis, normal reproduction, and healthy metabolism.[5] Detoxification of xenobiotics is a complex process that requires micronutrients, phytonutrients, energy, and adequate antioxidant support for safe and effective completion.*[6]

Antioxidant and Detoxification Support Several nutrients support antioxidant activity, both phases of detoxification, and the health and function of the liver (the major site of detoxification). Milk thistle extract contains silymarin, a compound found to limit the entry of hepatotoxins, donate sulfhydryl groups for detoxification, and increase hepatic glutathione by over 35%.[7] Its action in the liver reduces fat peroxidation and fibrous tissue formation, supports a normal immune and inflammatory response, promotes protein synthesis and tissue regeneration, and supports glucuronidation and glutathione levels.[8] Alpha-lipoic acid is both water- and fat-soluble. It supports glutathione metabolism, helps regenerate antioxidant vitamins C and E, and helps maintain the ratio of reduced-to-oxidized CoQ10 in mitochondria.[7] The redox couple of lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid stabilizes NF-kappaB transcription and may help support healthy immune functions in the body.[9,10] Methylselenocysteine (MSC) is considered a well-tolerated form of the trace element selenium and may support normal cell-life regulation.[11] Selenium provides antioxidant support via glutathione peroxidase and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity.[12] N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) may significantly increase glutathione in the body, which, in turn, is incorporated into crucial antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. Glutathione supports antioxidant activity, phase II detoxification, and the normal breakdown of metabolites, toxins, and other compounds. NAC supports phase II sulfation reactions as well.[7] Calcium D-glucarate has been added to support glucuronidation. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) is present as Quatrefolic® (a stable, bioavailable form of folate) to support methylation, energy generation, and phase l and phase ll activity.*

Phytonutrients A variety of phytonutrients support antioxidant activity in the body. Green tea catechins have been found to assist in free-radical scavenging, support detoxification through modification of phase I and phase II enzymes, and support normal cell-life regulation via multiple signaling pathways.[13,14] Bioflavonoids, including resveratrol, quercetin, and the highly absorbable FlavitPURETM form of dihydroquercetin (DHQ), support phase I detoxification as well as intermediary antioxidant protection.[1] Pterostilbene, a highly absorbable, methylated form of resveratrol, is thought to work together with quercetin in supporting normal cell-life regulation.[15] Turmeric extract provides curcumin, a phytonutrient valued for its promotion of antioxidant activity, support of metabolic detoxification, and modulation of cytokine production.[16,17] BioPerine®, a patented form of piperine from black pepper, has been added to enhance the absorption of nutrients, particularly curcumin.*[18]

Xenoestrogen Metabolism D-Z-No-Φ provides diindolymethane (DIM) and glucoraphanin as SGS. DIM promotes healthy estrogen metabolism and creates a better balance of estrogen metabolites (2-OH, 4-OH, 16-alpha-OH) through phase I cytochrome P450 enzyme induction and promotion of 2-hydroxylation.[19,20] The action of DIM is complemented by glucoraphanin, which supports long-term antioxidant activity and phase II detoxification of less-desirable estrogen metabolites and xenoestrogens.[21,22] Glucoraphanin and its metabolite sulforaphane are found to be effective, long-acting, indirect antioxidants and significant inducers of phase II detoxification enzymes.[23,24] These actions may help support healthy estrogen balance and may be crucial for the health of estrogen-sensitive tissue.*

Directions

as

References

Well known as a venerated culinary herb, garlic (Allium sativum) has been used for centuries to support health and longevity. It has been found in Egyptian pyramids, ancient Greek temples, medical texts from a variety of cultures, and even on Hippocrates’ list of health-promoting compounds.[1] Garlic is used widely today to support cardiovascular health, antioxidant activity, and immune function.*[2,3]Organosulfur Compounds and Antioxidant Activity Many of the health-promoting benefits of garlic are attributed to its array of sulfur-containing compounds. Organosulfur compounds from whole garlic fall into two classes: gamma- glutamylcysteines and cysteine sulfoxides.[4] Crushing, chopping, and processing garlic results in production of organosulfur compounds that fall into one of four main chemical classes—alliin, allicin, allyl cysteine, and allyl disulfide. Several of these compounds have been studied for their compelling effect on antioxidant activity. Alliin (allylcysteine sulfoxide) was found to scavenge superoxide, while allicin (a thiosulfinate) suppressed its formation. Hydroxyl radicals were scavenged by alliin, allyl cysteine, and allyl disulfide; allyl disulfide was found to be a lipid peroxidation terminator as well.[5] GarliX contains standardized amounts of gamma-glutamylcysteines, alliin, allicin, thiosulfinates, and sulfur.*

Glutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) is a well-researched component of vital antioxidant systems in the body. Glutathione is also recognized for its role in regulation of cellular events such as DNA and protein synthesis, gene expression, cell-life cycle regulation, signal transduction, cytokine production, and immune response.[6] Gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC), an endogenously produced precursor to glutathione, has been found to efficiently detoxify hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion in the mitochondria. Research suggests that GGC may assume the neuroprotective and antioxidant functions of glutathione as needed.*[7]

Cardiovascular Health Numerous studies suggest that garlic has a positive effect on plasma lipids, normal fibrinolytic and platelet activity, and the maintenance of blood pressure and blood glucose already within the normal range.[8] A meta- analysis of 26 studies showed that garlic supported total cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism with a significance of p = 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively.[9] Studies suggest that garlic may play a cardioprotective role in maintaining normal levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), nitric oxide production, healthy cytokine balance, and normal endothelial function as well.[10,11] Garlic-derived organosulfur compounds are converted by erythrocytes into hydrogen sulfide, which in turn supports vasodilation, vascular smooth muscle relaxation, and overall cardiovascular health.[12] Garlic supplementation had a significant impact on cardiovascular health parameters in select subjects during a 12-week, randomized, single-blind placebo-controlled study.*[13]

Immune Support In the mid-1900s, Louis Pasteur noted garlic’s ability to support immune function, and it is known to have been used for immune support during World War I.[12] Ongoing research reveals a broad range of immune-supportive properties associated with garlic, especially its allicin component.[4,14] Allicin appears to react with the thiol groups of a variety of enzymes (including alcohol dehydrogenase, thioredoxin reductase, and RNA polymerase), which, in turn, supports normal microbial balance in the body.[15] A double-blind placebo-controlled study of 146 volunteers suggests that stabilized allicin compound is significantly effective in supporting and maintaining healthy immune function.*[16]

Modern-day research appears to confirm the health-promoting properties of garlic that ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Chinese, and Indian cultures embraced for so long. GarliX is an ultra-concentrated garlic formula with standardized levels of several organosulfur compounds designed to support antioxidant, cardiovascular, and immune systems.*

 

Directions

as

References

The basic functions of immunoglobulins are the neutralization and opsonization of bacteria, viruses and other environmental pathogens. Unlike antibiotics, they allow the immune system to differentiate pathogens from the body’s normal microflora.*

 

Directions

Briskly stir one scoop (10.4 grams) into at least 8 oz of chilled water and consume twice daily, unless otherwise directed.

References

Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by various body cells from the amino acid L-arginine through the enzymatic action of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). NO has critical roles in regulating the function of organs and systems throughout the body. It is well know that NO production by vascular endothelium plays a critical role in blood flow regulation and that the abnormal production of NO can adversely affect flow, delivery of nutrients and oxygen, and other vascular functions.

L-Arginine is the principal substrate for the family of NOS enzymes that catalyze the biosynthesis of NO. Some of L-arginine’s benefits include support of immune response, ammonia detoxification, growth hormone secretion (during rest), improved exercise performance (at 6 g/d), wound healing, reduced platelet aggregate, and vasodilation.[1,2] ADMA (asymmetric dimethylarginine) is a newly identified factor confronting cardiovascular health. AS an endogenous NOS inhibitor, accumulation of ADMA impairs NO formation by competing with L-arginine for NOS binding. Under these conditions, supplementation with L-arginine may support maintenance of near-normal levels.[1] New research also suggests that ADMA accumulation in oxidized low-density lipoproteins (OxLDL) may signal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration—which plays a critical role in the etiology of intimal thickening—and L-arginine markedly blocked ADMA-induced VSMC migration.[3]

L-Citrulline is a precursor to L-arginine that readily permeates the intestinal wall and enters the bloodstream. L-citrulline is processed by the kidney, where it is converted to L-arginine; and oral L-citrulline supplementation in humans has been shown to increase plasma L-arginine availability for NO synthesis.[4] In an animal study, oral supplementation with “L-arginine, L-citrulline, and/or antioxidants (vitamins C & E) showed marked support of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and blood flow, maintenance of a healthy endothelium, and decrease in superoxide production and oxidation-sensitive gene expression…”[5]

Quercetin A major flavonoid naturally occuring in plants, quercetin has been shown in a study on mice using microarray DNA analyses and pathway analyses to inhibit LPS-induced expression of IL-1 beta, IL-1 alpha, IL-6, TNG-alpha, IL-12, iNOS, VCAM1, ICAM1, COX2, IL-1RA, FRAF1 and CD40.[6] Experimental models suggest that quercetin prevents the redox imbalance associated with decreased intracellular NO levels and superoxide overproduction, and it prevents the over expression of inducible NOS (iNOS).[7,8]

Folic Acid Research suggest that homocysteine may decrease the bioavailability of NO.[9] Therefore, folate’s deleterious effect on homocysteine may provide the added benefit of increasing NO levels through enhancing NO bioavailability. Another role of folic acid in NO production relates to tetrahydrobiopterin (THBP, also known as BH4) – an essential cofactor for NOS. Inadequate folate may impair the synthesis of THBP,[10] and 5-MTHF (bioactive folate) may normalize the activity of NOS in THBP-depleted endothelial cells.[11] In a placebo-controlled study of patients receiving 400mcg/d of folic acid for 7 weeks before coronary artery bypass grafting, improved vascular function was observed and attributed to improved bioavailability of THBP for NOS and reduced vascular oxidative stress.[1,2]

Vitamins C & E Free-radical injury reduces NO availability, and antioxidants appear to preserve NO. In addition, healthy endothelial function is associated with low oxidative stress, particularly decreased superoxide production and reduced oxidized LDL (OxLDL), which, if elevated, can reduce endothelium- derived NO activity. Vitamins C & E administration can reduce both superoxide and OxLDL, thereby improving NO activity.[13] According to Heller et al, “The effect of alpha-tocopherol seems to be dependent on tissue saturation with ascorbic acid, and both vitamins may act synergistically to provide optimal conditions for endothelial NO formation.”[14]

“More than any other single factor, nitric oxide may be the key to living a longer, healthier life.” – Dr. Louis Ignarro, 1998 Nobel Prize Laureate

 

Directions

Pour 1 level scoop of powder into a tall, empty glass. Add 4 oz of chilled water and lightly stir. Let stand one minute. Add 4 more oz of chilled water and lightly stir. Let stand one minute and drink. Take 1-2 times daily, unless otherwise directed.

References

1. Boger RH. The pharmacodynamics of L-arginine. J Nutr. 2007 Jun; 137(6 Suppl 2):1650S-55S. [PMID: 17513442]

Every day, whether by choice or by chance, millions of people encounter physical, emotional, and physiological stress that can challenge the immune system. Immune Max is formulated to provide support for immune system function and antioxidant activity.[1-5] Although sometimes recommended for daily use, this formula is also effective when employed at the first sign of immune challenge.*

Whole Glucan Particle (WGP), purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is the same high-quality 1,3/1,6 beta-glucan found in ImmunoSupport 250. This form is considered to be the most effective[2,6-8] because it provides immune support without the impurities that can interfere with uptake and effectiveness.[3,6,9] Mannan, a potential trigger for cytokine-modulating reactions, has been removed.*

Research indicates that orally administered yeast beta-glucan is processed by macrophages,[4,6,10,11] with subsequent increases in phagocytosis, selective cytokine release, and oxidative degranulation.[12] Macrophages degrade beta-glucan into small fragments that are then bound to neutrophils (granulocytes). This action primes the neutrophils and enhances their ability to eradicate microbial challenges.[6,9,13] Prophylactic administration of beta-glucan promotes production of antioxidant enzymes and assists in ameliorating microbial imbalance.[5] Sustained release of beta-glucan fragments into bone marrow may affect white blood cell recovery, a unique mechanism of action exhibited by the beta-glucan found in Immune Essentials.*[14]

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted during the peak of seasonal immune challenge. Subjects receiving 250 mg of WGP had a significant reduction in the number of days in which signs of immune distress were experienced.[15] A 12-week, randomized, phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 1,3/1,6 beta-glucan from S cerevisiae confirmed that long-term use was well tolerated and supported immune system function.*[3]

Olive Leaf Extract, from the traditional medicinal plant Olea europaea, has been shown to possess an array of healthful attributes, including antioxidant properties and effective immune support against opportunistic microbes. Olive leaf’s multifaceted effects on the immune system include the ability to stimulate phagocytosis (an immune response against harmful microbes) and neutralize production of reverse transcriptase and protease enzymes that can adversely alter the ribonucleic acid (RNA) of healthy cells.*[16-18]

Oleuropein, a bitter glycoside that was isolated from olive leaf in the late 19th century,[19] was found to be further hydrolyzed in the body to elenolic acid, which is believed to be its most active component. Research reveals that both olive leaf extract and oleuropein exert positive immune effects, but olive leaf acts in a dose-dependent manner; that is, the greater the dose of olive leaf, the greater the inhibition of microbial replication.[17] Immune Max provides concentrated olive leaf extract that is standardized to 20% oleuropein, while less concentrated formulas are standardized to as little as 6% oleuropein.*

Vitamin C (as ascorbic acid) is a well-known antioxidant and plays an important role in immune support.[20] While most mammals are able to synthesize ascorbic acid, humans are unable to. They can quickly become depleted if intake is inadequate or requirements are increased due to exposure to stress, smoking, pollution, and temperature changes.*

Vitamin C supplementation has been studied for more than six decades with respect to moderating the severity or duration of acute immune challenges. Benefits are most notable in cases of extreme physical stress.[20] A Cochrane Review examined 65 years of placebo- controlled studies (55 studies) in which at least 200 mg of vitamin C was administered. Within three meta-analyses, in a subgroup of six studies, vitamin C reduced signs of acute immune challenge on an average of 50% in marathon runners, skiers, and soldiers that had been physically stressed or exposed to cold temperatures.*[21]

Directions

For early and immediate support, take 3 capsules with water on an empty stomach. You may repeat this 1-2 times within 24 hours.

You may also take 1 capsule daily as general immune support.

References

Andrographis Extract (standardized to 25% andrographolides) Among the many uses of this Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) bitter herb are that it supports the body’s response to a variety of foreign challenges and helps regulate the body’s temperature during illness. Andrographolides are the major active constituents. Some preliminary research suggests that the herb may stimulate synthesis of antibodies and phagocytosis by macrophages. In addition to the properties above, andrographolides are believed to protect the liver and promote bile secretion. Clinical research has demonstrated an improved sense of wellness in as few as two days after the beginning of supplementation. A three-month study examining andrographis as immune support against foreign microbial challenges demonstrated it was twice as effective as placebo. In clinical trials, 100 mg of a standardized extract of andrographis taken twice daily was sufficient to improve immune response against harmful microbes.

Licorice Root Extract (standardized to 12% glycyrrhizin) Medicinal use of licorice dates back to the second and third centuries BC. Its properties are sweet and neutral. It is used in Immune Revolution to calm and soothe the respiratory tract and to manage excess mucus. Licorice root extract maintains healthy lung tissue and supports the adrenals. Glycyrrhizin is adaptogenic and has been shown to support the immune system by inducing interferon-gamma and other cytokines. TCM practitioners use licorice root for fatigue, sallow facial appearance, decreased food intake, musculoskeletal discomfort and soreness, and swelling or discomfort in the throat. According to TCM, licorice tonifies the spleen, benefits qi, moistens the lungs, and stops sudden expulsion of air from the lungs caused by irritation.

Isatis indigotica (woad) This herb, in the family Brassicaceae, is commonly used in TCM for its support against harmful microbes, including those in the upper respiratory tract. Its properties are bitter and very cold. Immune Revolution contains the powdered isatis root, which has been demonstrated to support the immune system in its defense against a broad-spectrum of microbes. In addition, the root supports the body’s anti-inflammatory pathways. During the herb-drying process, tryptanthrin, a powerful COX 2 and 5-LOX inhibitor is produced. Isaindigotone, a root constituent also inhibits 5-LOX and leukotriene B4 production and appears to be a superoxide scavenger. Isatis root contains salicylic acid and indirubin, which preliminary research suggests inhibits airway inflammation. In TCM, leaf extracts of isatis are used to clear heat and toxins from the blood. However, in TCM, isatis is contraindicated for patients who have deficiency and cold of the spleen and stomach. In TCM, the isatis root is called Ban Lan Gen, and the leaf is referred to as Da Qing Ye.

Directions

Take 1-8 capsules daily (unless otherwise directed). We generally recommend 1-2 capsules three times daily during illness or at the onset of symptoms.

References

Ferrous iron is reacted with glycine to form bis-glycinate chelate, a non-electrically charged compound that is totally nutritionally functional. The absence of electrical charge, uncommon for an iron supplement, makes it less likely that Iron LiFE can interfere with absorption of other minerals such as calcium, vitamin E or vitamin C. Iron solubility from iron bis- glycine chelate is not affected by pH changes from 2-6. This means it travels unchanged through the stomach, into the intestine, where it is absorbed and released for transport throughout the body.*

Patient compliance with iron bis-glycinate appears to be better than that seen with inorganic forms of iron supplements for two reasons. First, the taste: In a study with 145 pregnant women (that concluded daily supplementation with iron bis-glycinate chelate was significantly more effective even at a lower dose than ferrous sulfate) the percentage of taste complaints among the women given ferrous sulfate was 29.8%, while 0% of the women on the bis-glycinate chelate complained about taste. Second, iron bis-glycinate is less likely to have any of the gastrointestinal side-effects associated with standard iron supplementation.*

A published absorption study showed there was a significant correlation between iron absorption of iron bid-glycinate chelat to serum ferritin (r= -0.60, P < 0.03) (The higher the ferreting the lower the absorption and vice versa.) The amount of iron stored in the body regulates iron bis-glycinate chelate absorption. This translates into less chance of toxicity. Another benefit of the bis-glycinate chelate form of iron over other iron supplements is that it doesn’t act as a pro-oxidant.*

Iron is an important component of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and ferritin. These proteins are involved in the transport, storage, and release of oxygen to the tissues.*

Directions

Take 1 capsule daily, unless otherwise directed.

References

1.  

Joint Health is the result of Revolution Health & Wellness Clinic’s partnership with BiotanikaTM, a Canadian company that develops evidence-based natural health products for pain management. It is among a trio of formulas that also includes Inflam-Arrest and Inflam-X Gel. The formulation of Joint Health began with researchers at Biotanika investigating the potential of traditional herb extracts to act additively or synergistically to reduce inflammation and pain using the lowest doses of each herb. Biotanika used three pre-clinical test protocols that are recognized by the scientific community as good models for inflammatory diseases. These tests resulted in formulas benchmarked with current standards of care used in western medicine. The primary goal of the first clinical trial of the three formulas was to assess the safety and efficacy for the relief of pain in fourteen patients with either low back pain, joint (knee, shoulder, or hip) pain, or muscular or articular pain (the majority had moderate-to-severe pain). These patients had visited a natural health care practitioner seeking alternative therapies to NSAIDs or surgery. As is most often seen in patients scheduled for knee replacement surgery or who have had knee replacements, benefit was nil. However, all patients with low back, hip and shoulder pain demonstrated significant benefit.

Glucosamine Sulfate, a chondro-protective agent occurring naturally in all human tissues, appears to stimulate the manufacture of cartilage components and the deposition of sulfur into the cartilage. In combination with chondroitin sulfate it may be effective in patients with moderate-to-severe knee pain.[1,2,3]

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a naturally-occurring, sulfur-containing, water-soluble compound (AKADMSO2) has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.[4,5]

Chondroitin Sulfate, a primary proteoglycan in the body, attracts and retains a significant quantity of water guaranteeing cartilage resistance and elasticity. It has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties.[6,7] Hyaluronic Acid, a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan in synovial fluid, helps create a viscous environment, cushion joints and maintains normal joint function. It has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.[8,9]

Vitamin C and Manganese – Vitamin C is essential for synthesis of collagen and for maintaining its integrity. Manganese is important in the growth and development of normal bone and in the synthesis of cartilage. [10] Studies in rats, rabbits and humans have demonstrated a joint supportive, anti-inflammatory effect of a combination of glucosamine, chondroitin and manganese ascorbate. [11,12]

Vitamin E, in conjunction with Selenium plays an important role in protecting tissues against oxidative reactions. [13] Selenium limits oxidative stress affecting chondrocytes and synoviocytes in some chondral tissue diseases.

Directions

Take 2 capsules with each meal (6 capsules daily)

References

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2. Walsh NP, Blannin AK, Robson PJ, et al. Glutamine, exercise and immune function. Links and possible mechanisms. Sports Med. 1998 Sep;26(3):177-91. [PMID: 9802174]
3. Calder PC, Yaqoob P. Glutamine and the immune system. Amino Acids. 1999;17(3):227-41. [PMID: 10582122]
4. Kuhn KS, Muscaritoli M, Wischmeyer P, et al. Glutamine as indispensable nutrient in oncology: experimental and clinical evidence. Eur J Nutr. 2010 Jun;49(4):197-210. [PMID: 19936817]
5. Awad S, Lobo DN. What’s new in perioperative nutritional support? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2011 Mar 30. [Epub ahead of print] [PMID: 21451404]
6. Anderson PM, Schroeder G, Skubitz KM. Oral glutamine reduces the duration and severity of stomatitis after cytotoxic cancer chemotherapy. Cancer. 1998 Oct;83(7):1433-39. [PMID: 9762946]
7. Rocha BR, Gombar FM, Barcellos LM, et al. Glutamine supplementation prevents collagen expression damage in healthy urinary bladder caused by radiotherapy. Nutrition. 2010 Dec 15. [Epub ahead of print] [PMID: 21167680]
8. dos Santos RG, Viana ML, Generoso SV, et al. Glutamine supplementation decreases intestinal permeability and preserves gut mucosa integrity in an experimental mouse model. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2010 Jul-Aug;34(4):408-13. [PMID: 20631386]
9. Nose K, Yang H, Sun X, et al. Glutamine prevents total parenteral nutrition-associated changes to intraepithelial lymphocyte phenotype and function: a potential mechanism for the preservation of epithelial barrier function. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2010 Feb;30(2):67-80. [PMID: 20028208]
10. Li N, Neu J. Glutamine deprivation alters intestinal tight junctions via a PI3-K/Akt mediated pathway in Caco-2 cells. J Nutr. 2009 Apr;139(4):710-14. [PMID: 19211824]
11. Tian J, Hao L, Chandra P, et al. Dietary glutamine and oral antibiotics each improve indexes of gut barrier function in rat short bowel syndrome. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Feb;296(2):G348-55. [PMID: 19095767]
12. Vicario M, Amat C, Rivero M, et al. Dietary glutamine affects mucosal functions in rats with mild DSS-induced colitis. J Nutr. 2007 Aug;137(8):1931-37. [PMID: 17634266]
13. Gulgun M, Karaoglu A, Kesik V, et al. Effect of proanthocyanidin, arginine and glutamine supplementation on methotrexate-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in rats. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Nov;32(9):657-61. [PMID: 21225016]
14. Tazuke Y, Maeda K, Wasa M, et al. Protective mechanism of glutamine on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen after cisplatin-induced intestinal mucosal injury. Pediatr Surg Int. 2011 Feb;27(2):151-58. [PMID: 21080177]
15. Bonetto A, Penna F, Minero VG, et al. Glutamine prevents myostatin hyperexpression and protein hypercatabolism induced in C2C12 myotubes by tumor necrosis factor-α. Amino Acids. 2011 Feb;40(2):585-94. [PMID: 20623149]
16. Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Kang J, et al. Examination of the efficacy of acute L-alanyl-L-glutamine ingestion during hydration stress in endurance exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010 Feb 3;7:8. [PMID: 20181080]
17. Welbourne TC. Increased plasma bicarbonate and growth hormone after an oral glutamine load. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995 May;61(5):1058-61. [PMID: 7733028]
18. Antonio J, Street C. Glutamine: a potentially useful supplement for athletes. Can J Appl Physiol. 1999 Feb;24(1):1-14. [PMID: 9916176]

1. Juneja LR, Chu D-C, Okubo T, et al. L-theanine – a unique amino acid of green tea and its relaxation effect in humans. Trends Food Sci Technol. 1999;10:199- 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2244(99)00044-8.
2. Ritsner MS, Miodownik C, Ratner Y, et al. L-theanine relieves positive, activation, and anxiety symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-center study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Jan;72(1):34-42. [PMID: 21208586]
3. Kimura K, Ozeki M, Juneja LR, Ohira H. L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses. Biol Psychol. 2007 Jan;74(1):39-45. [PMID: 16930802]
4. Park SK, Jung IC, Lee WK, et al. A combination of green tea extract and l-theanine improves memory and attention in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Med Food. 2011 Apr;14(4):334-43. [PMID: 21303262]
5. Cho HS, Kim S, Lee SY, et al. Protective effect of the green tea component, L-theanine on environmental toxins-induced neuronal cell death. Neurotoxicology. 2008 Jul;29(4):656-62. [PMID: 18452993]
6. Yokogoshi H, Kobayashi M, Mochizuki M, et al. Effect of theanine, r-glutamylethylamide, on brain monoamines and striatal dopamine release in conscious rats. Neurochem Res. 1998 May;23(5):667-73. [PMID: 9566605]
7. Nathan PJ, Lu K, Gray M, et al. The neuropharmacology of L-theanine (N-ethyl-L-glutamine): a possible neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing agent. J Herb Pharmacother. 2006;6(2):21-30. Review. [PMID: 17182482]
8. Yamada T, Terashima T, Okubo T, et al. Effects of theanine, r-glutamylethylamide, on neurotransmitter release and its relationship with glutamic acid neurotransmission. Nutr Neurosci. 2005 Aug;8(4):219-26. [PMID: 16493792]
9. Kakuda T, Hinoi E, Abe A, et al. Theanine, an ingredient of green tea, inhibits [3H]glutamine transport in neurons and astroglia in rat brain. J Neurosci Res. 2008 Jun;86(8):1846-56. [PMID: 18293419]
10. Sadzuka Y, Inoue C, Hirooka S, et al. Effects of theanine on alcohol metabolism and hepatic toxicity. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Sep;28(9):1702-6. [PMID: 16141543]
11. Li G, Ye Y, Kang J, et al. l-Theanine prevents alcoholic liver injury through enhancing the antioxidant capability of hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012 Feb;50(2):363-72. [PMID: 22019691]
12. Sugiyama T, Sadzuka Y. Theanine, a specific glutamate derivative in green tea, reduces the adverse reactions of doxorubicin by changing the glutathione level. Cancer Lett. 2004 Aug 30;212(2):177-84. [PMID: 15279898]
13. Li G, Kang J, Yao X, et al. The component of green tea, L-theanine protects human hepatic L02 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. European food research & technology (Internet). 2011;233(3):427-35. http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24465632. Accessed March 28, 2012.
14. Yokozawa T, Dong E. Influence of green tea and its three major components upon low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 1997 Dec;49(5):329- 35. [PMID: 9455677]
15. Dufresne CJ, Farnworth ER. A review of latest research findings on the health promotion properties of tea. J Nutr Biochem. 2001 Jul;12(7):404-421. [PMID: 11448616]
16. NutriScience. Suntheanine® (Introduction). http://www.l-theanine.com/intro.htm. Accessed March 29, 2012.
17. Rogers PJ, Smith JE, Heatherley SV, et al. Time for tea: mood, blood pressure and cognitive performance effects of caffeine and theanine administered alone and together. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008 Jan;195(4):569-77. [PMID: 17891480]
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21. Suntheanine®. What is Suntheanine? http://www.suntheanine.com/WhatIsSuntheanine.cfm. Accessed March 29, 2012.